Template:Citation

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The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between <ref>...</ref> tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same Lua code as citation style 1 (CS1) templates with parameters to change the displayed format to citation style 2 (CS2).

If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter. Also, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates by default do not (although they can be made to do so).

Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.

Note: All parameter names must be lowercase.

Simple citations

This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }}

{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | accessdate = }}

• last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the author parameter.
• first: The author's first or given name(s).
• year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless |date= specifies both month and year.
• title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
• publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
  • publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
• page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
• url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
  • accessdate: Date<ref group = "n" name = "dates" /> when the url was accessed.

Example

{{Citation | last = Turner | first = Orsamus | title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve | publisher = William Alling | place = Rochester, New York | year = 1851 | ol = 7120924W }}

Turner, Orsamus (1851), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, OL 7120924W

Full citation parameters

These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{{Citation | author = | last = | first = | author2 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link = | author2-link = | author-separator = | author-name-separator = | author-mask = | display-authors = | editor = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2 = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor-link = | editor2-link = | translator-last = | translator-first = | translator-link = | translator2-last = | translator2-first = | translator2-link = | others = | publication-date = | date = | year = | origyear = | title = | chapter = | chapter-url = | chapter-format = | contribution = | contribution-url = | type = | journal = | periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = | encyclopedia = | work = | edition = | series = | volume = | issue = | publisher = | publication-place = | place = | language = | page = | pages = | nopp = | at = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-inactive-date= | zbl = | url = | accessdate = | format = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | url-status = | quote = | layurl = | laysource = | laydate = | separator = | postscript = | ref = }}

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See: Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• Use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template, is generally discouraged as many of these templates will add a lot of extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters:

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |contribution=, |entry=, |article=, |section=
• |title=
• |publicationplace=, |publication-place=
• |date=, |year=, |publicationdate=, |publication-date=
• |series=
• |volume=
• |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |distributor=, |institution=
• |url=
• |chapterurl=, |chapter-url=, |contributionurl=, |contribution-url=, |sectionurl=
• |author#=, |Author#=, |authors#=, |author#-last=, |author-last#=, |last#=, |surname#=
• any of the identifiers (|isbn=, |issn=, |doi=, |pmc=, etc)

What's new

Deprecated

The following parameters are deprecated. Their use will place the page into Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters:

• day · month: Use date to include the day, month and year.
• coauthor · coauthors: Use last# / first# or author or authors

Description

Authors

• <span id="csdoc_author" />last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: last1, author, authors, author1.
  • first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Aliases: first1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn). By default, if nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and "et al." will show in place of the last author. See the display parameters to change. Aliases: author1 through authorn.

• authorlink: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: authorlink1, author-link, author1-link, author1link.
• OR: for multiple authors, use authorlink1 through authorlinkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.

• <span id="csdoc_others" />others: To record other contributors to the work, such as Illustrated by John Smith or Translated by John Smith.

When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Editors

• <span id="csdoc_editors" />editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor1-last, editor, editors, editorn.
  • editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor1-first.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-last, editor1-first through editorn-last, editorn-first.

• editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor1-link.
• OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-link through editorn-link.

Display:

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."; exactly four editors will show three editors followed by "et al., eds."

Title

• title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics.
  • trans_title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans_title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	|
space	[	]	|

• type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release.

• language: The language the source is written in, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name. Use the full language name or ISO 639-1 code; use of ISO 639-1 also adds appropriate language categorization; do not use icons or templates.

Date

• <span id="csdoc_date" />date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.<ref name="date" group="date"></ref> Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900; for no date, add as |date=n.d.

• <span id="csdoc_year" />OR:
  • year: Year of source being referenced. Required with some types of {{sfn}} citations;^[more] otherwise use date.
  • <span id="csdoc_month" />month: (deprecated) Name of the month or season of publication. Use date instead.
• <span id="csdoc_origyear" />origyear: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |origyear=First published 1859 or |origyear=Composed 1904.

Work

• work: Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical.
  • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number.

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters:

title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.

chapter is italicized and is not enclosed in quotes.

location and publisher are enclosed in parentheses.

page and pages do not show p. or pp.

edition does not display.

type does not display.

Publisher

• <span id="csdoc_publisher" />publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g., a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title; if work is defined, then publisher is enclosed in parentheses.
• <span id="csdoc_location" /><span id="csdoc_place" />place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
• <span id="csdoc_publication-place" />publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
• <span id="csdoc_publication-date" />publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.

Edition, series, volume

• edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised" etc. Displays " ed." after this field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

• <span id="csdoc_volume" />volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volumes of four characters or less display in bold.

In-source locations

• <span id="csdoc_page" />page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">p.</syntaxhighlight> unless |nopp=y.
• <span id="csdoc_pages" />OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">pp.</syntaxhighlight> unless |nopp=y. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use |at=.
  • <span id="csdoc_nopp" />nopp: Set to y to suppress the <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">p.</syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">pp.</syntaxhighlight> notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover.
• <span id="csdoc_at" />OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

• <span id="csdoc_url" />url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove spurious tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com. See: WP:PAGELINKS.
  • <span id="csdoc_accessdate" />accessdate: Full date when original URL was accessed; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; requires url.<ref name="date" group="date"></ref> Do not wikilink. Not required for web pages or linked documents that do not change; mainly for use of web pages that change frequently or have no publication date. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors.
  • <span id="csdoc_archiveurl" />archiveurl: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite (see: Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and Internet Archive (see: Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine); requires archivedate and url.
    • <span id="csdoc_archivedate" />archivedate: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.<ref name="date" group="date"></ref> Do not wikilink.
    • <span id="csdoc_deadurl" />deadurl: When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |deadurl=no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
  • <span id="csdoc_template doc demo" />template doc demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template doc demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
• <span id="csdoc_format" />format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

sp	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
%20	%22	%27	%3c	%3e	%5b	%5d	%7b	%7c	%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Chapter URL

Template:Citation Style documentation/chapterurl

Anchor

Identifiers

• <span id="csdoc_id" />id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier.

• <span id="csdoc_arxiv" />arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: arxiv=hep-th/9205027
• <span id="csdoc_asin" />asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number
  • <span id="csdoc_asin-tld" />asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it
• <span id="csdoc_bibcode" />bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H
• <span id="csdoc_doi" />doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (<syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">10.</syntaxhighlight>).
  • <span id="csdoc_doi_brokendate" />doi_brokendate: Date the DOI is broken; use the same format as other dates in the article.
• <span id="csdoc_isbn" />isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See: Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN). Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10 digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back to the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9 digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as |isbn=0-902888-45-5. Do not convert a 10 digit ISBN to 13 digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than [0123456789 -] with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10 digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN
• <span id="csdoc_issn" />issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space.
• <span id="csdoc_jfm" />jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
• <span id="csdoc_jstor" />jstor: JSTOR abstract; for example: "jstor=3793107" will generate JSTOR 3793107.
• <span id="csdoc_lccn" />lccn: Library of Congress Control Number
• <span id="csdoc_mr" />mr: Mathematical Reviews
• <span id="csdoc_oclc" />oclc: OCLC
• <span id="csdoc_ol" />ol: Open Library
• <span id="csdoc_osti" />osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information
• <span id="csdoc_pmc" />pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article.
  • <span id="csdoc_Embargo" />embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date.
• <span id="csdoc_pmid" />pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier.
• <span id="csdoc_rfc" />rfc: Request for Comments
• <span id="csdoc_ssrn" />ssrn: Social Science Research Network
• <span id="csdoc_zbl" />zbl: Zentralblatt MATH

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.

Laysummary

• <span id="csdoc_lay" />layurl: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: laysummary.
  • laysource: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash.
  • laydate: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses.

Display options

• <span id="csdoc_display" /><span id="csdoc_author-mask" />author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed.
• <span id="csdoc_author-name-separator" />author-name-separator: Controls the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as  .
• <span id="csdoc_author-separator" />author-separator: Controls the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (; ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as  .
• <span id="csdoc_display-authors" /><span id="csdoc_displayauthors" />display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed except when there are nine authors, then the author list in the citation is truncated to eight authors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains nine author names and one wishes all nine author names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-authors=9. Aliases: displayauthors.
• <span id="csdoc_display-editors" /><span id="csdoc_displayeditors" />display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed except when there are four editors, then the editor list in the citation is truncated to three editors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains four editor names and one wishes all four editor names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-editors=4. Aliases: displayeditors.
• <span id="csdoc_lastauthoramp" />lastauthoramp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to any value. Example: |lastauthoramp=yes
• <span id="csdoc_postscript" />postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to none. Ignored if quote is defined.
• <span id="csdoc_separator" />separator: Controls the punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as  .

Subscription or registration required

Main article: WP:PAYWALL

These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

• registration: For online sources that require registration, set |registration=yes; superseded by subscription if both are set.
• subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set |subscription=yes; supersedes registration if both are set.

Examples

Books

Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.

{{Citation | last1 = Lincoln | first1 = A. | last2 = Washington | first2 = G. | last3 = Adams | first3 = J. | lastauthoramp = yes | title = All the Presidents' Names | publisher = The Pentagon | place = Home Base, New York | volume = XII | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 }}

Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), All the Presidents' Names, XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon

Web

Web page	{{Citation | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ | title = NPS Focus | work = National Register of Historic Places | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | accessdate = November 30, 2010 | ref = none }}	"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, retrieved November 30, 2010
Archived page	{{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | accessdate = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http:// liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 }}	NASA (1995), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, archived from the original on October 13, 2007, retrieved October 25, 2007

Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals

Journal article	{{Citation | last = Hill | first = Marvin S. | title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | year = 1976 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }}	Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties" (PDF), BYU Studies, 12 (2): 1–8
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier	{{Citation | last1 = Mandelkern | first1 = M, | last2 = Elias | first2 = J, | last3 = Eden | first3 = D, | last4 = Crothers | first4 = D | display-authors = 2 | title = The dimensions of DNA in solution | journal = J Mol Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–161 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7338906 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }}	Mandelkern, M,; Elias, J,; et al. (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol, 152 (1): 153–161, doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, PMID 7338906CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Newspaper article	{{Citation | last = Smith | first = Joseph III | author-link = Joseph Smith III | title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper = The Saints' Herald | publication-place = Plano, IL | volume = 26 | issue = 19 | date = October 1, 1879 | page = 289 | url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/ IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }}	Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald, Plano, IL, 26 (19), p. 289

Conference papers and public lectures

Conference paper	{{Citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf | chapter-format = PDF }}	Sullivan, D.B. (2001), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF), 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology
Lecture	{{Citation | last = Habicht | first = Christian | contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers | year = 1988 | title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World | publisher = Princeton University | page=14 }}	Habicht, Christian (1988), "Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers", David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World, Princeton University, p. 14

Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles

Manuscript published in an edited compilation	{{Citation | last = Bidamon | first = Emma Smith | author-link = Emma Hale Smith | chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date = March 27, 1876 | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }}	Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan (ed.), Early Mormon Documents, 1, Signature Books (published 1996), ISBN 1-56085-072-8
Work with an editor but no author	{{Citation | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }}	Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), Early Mormon Documents, 1, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-072-8
Encyclopedia article by a named author	{{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | year=1999 | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | location = London | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }}	Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
Encyclopedia article with no named author	{{Citation | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | year = 1999 | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }}	Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720

Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article

Manuscript edited and published in a journal	{{Citation | last = Knight | first = Joseph, Sr. | year = 1833 | editor-last = Jessee | editor-first = Dean | title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | publication-date = 1976 | page = 35 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }}	Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean (ed.), "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History" (PDF), BYU Studies (published 1976), 17 (1): 35
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.	{{Citation | last = Klingensmith | first = Philip | type = Affidavit | date = September 5, 1872 | place = Lincoln County, Nevada | title = Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last = Toohy | editor-first = Dennis J. | journal = Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date = September 24, 1872 | publication-place = Corinne, Utah | volume = 5 | issue = 252 | page = 1 | url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }}	Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), written at Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J. (ed.), "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter (Affidavit), Corinne, Utah (published September 24, 1872), 5 (252): 1

Press release

Press release with quotation

{{Citation | url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher = Apple Inc | accessdate = April 10, 2010 | quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 | ref = none}}

Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, retrieved April 10, 2010, in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3

Anchored citations

This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=harv generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{citation}} template.

To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none (in contrast, other Cite templates such as {{cite book}} and {{cite news}} do not create an anchor by default). You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:

• {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}

which generates the citation:

• Sigmund Freud (1930), Civilization and Its Discontents

Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "Template:Harv", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:

• {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
• Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (1851), Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn, OCLC 59510372

In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}} generates "Template:Harvid".

Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref> or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} both of which generate a footnote, such as

17. Template:Harvnb

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead.

Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1= (or |last=), |last2=, |last3=, and |last4=, and similarly for |editor1-last= etc. and for |inventor1-last= etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud" with "|first=Sigmund |last=Freud", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.

Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date= (or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=) by applying the MediaWiki § Time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |year=2005 rather than |date=2005.

IDs must be unique

Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:

• Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008a), "Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income", Pediatrics, 121 (4): e821–e826, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1594, PMID 18381511
• Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008b), "Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States", Pediatrics, 122 (1): e202–e208, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3037, PMID 18595965

If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|year=2008a" and "|year=2008b", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.

It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.

Dates

Tools

See Wikipedia:Citing sources § Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools.

TemplateData for Citation

The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

Template parameters

Parameter		Description	Type	Status
Last name	lastauthorauthor1authorslast1	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	suggested
First name	firstfirst1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	suggested
title of source	title	Title of source; displays in italics (except that article titles are not italicized but enclosed in quotes) Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	required
date of source	date	Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
url of source	url	URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Work	workjournalwebsitenewspapermagazineencyclopediaencyclopaediadictionarymailinglist	Name of the work in which the cited title is found Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	suggested
Issue	issuenumber	Issue number Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Page	page	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Pages	pages	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	suggested
Publication Date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Date format	df	Sets rendered dates to the specified format Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Number	optional
Postscript	postscript	Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Editor last name	editor-lasteditoreditor-surnameeditor-last1editor-surname1editor1editor1-lasteditor1-surnameeditors	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Unknown	optional
Editor first name	editor-firsteditor-first1editor-given1editor1-firsteditor1-given	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Unknown	optional
Author Mask	author-maskauthormask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Original year	orig-yearorigyear	Original year of publication; provide specifics Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Number	optional
Translated title	trans-titletrans_title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
Translated chapter title	trans-chaptertrans_chapter	An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
Type	type	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
Archive URL	archive-urlarchiveurl	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Dead URL	dead-urldeadurl	If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Series	seriesversion	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
periodical	periodical	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
No pp	nopp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Chapter	chapter	The chapter heading of the source Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
contribution	contribution	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
chapter-url	chapter-urlchapterurl	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
contribution-url	contribution-url	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
chapter-format	chapter-format	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
others	others	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Location of publication	placelocation	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Place of publication	publication-place	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
Publisher	publisher	Name of the publisher; displays after title Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
ASIN	asinASIN	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
biorXiv	biorxiv	biorXiv identifier; 6 digits Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
CiteSeerX	citeseerx	CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
DOI	doiDOI	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
doi_inactivedate	doi_inactivedate	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Date	optional
ISBN	isbn	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
ISSN	issn	International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
eISSN	eissn	International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Number	optional
OL	ol	Open Library identifier Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Number	optional
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Number	optional
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Content	optional
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
URL access date	access-dateaccessdate	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Date	optional
Lay URL	laysummarylayurllay-url	URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Lay source	lay-sourcelaysource	Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Lay date	lay-datelaydate	Date of the summary; displays in parentheses Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Date	optional
Author name separator	author-name-separator	Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as &#32; Default , Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last author ampersand	last-author-amplastauthoramp	When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space' Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Boolean	optional
Display authors	displayauthorsdisplay-authors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Number	optional
Archive date	archive-datearchivedate	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Date	optional
Last name 2	last2author2surname2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 2	first2given2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last name 3	last3author3surname3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 3	first3given3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last name 4	last4author4surname4	The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 4	first4given4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last name 5	last5author5surname5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 5	first5given5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last name 6	last6author6surname6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 6	first6	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last name 7	last7author7surname7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 7	first7given7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last name 8	last8author8surname8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 8	first8given8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Last name 9	last9author9surname9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
First name 9	first9given9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Author link	author-linkauthorlinkauthor1-linkauthorlink1	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 2	author-link2author2-linkauthorlink2	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 3	author-link3author3-linkauthorlink3	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 4	author-link4author4-linkauthorlink4	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 5	author-link5author5-linkauthorlink5	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 6	author-link6author6-linkauthorlink6	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 7	author-link7author7-linkauthorlink7	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 8	author-link8author8-linkauthorlink8	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Author link 9	author-link9author9-linkauthorlink9	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Editor last name 2	editor2-lasteditor2	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 2	editor2-firsteditor2-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor last name 3	editor3-lasteditor3	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 3	editor3-firsteditor3-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor last name 4	editor4-lasteditor4	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 4	editor4-firsteditor4-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor last name 5	editor5-lasteditor5	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 5	editor5-firsteditor5-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor last name 6	editor6-lasteditor6	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 6	editor6-firsteditor6-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor last name 7	editor7-lasteditor7	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 7	editor7-firsteditor7-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor last name 8	editor8-lasteditor8	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 8	editor8-firsteditor8-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor last name 9	editor9-lasteditor9	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
Editor first name 9	editor9-firsteditor9-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Line	optional
editor-link	editor-link	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
editor1-link	editor1-link	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
editor2-link	editor2-link	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
editor3-link	editor3-link	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
editor4-link	editor4-link	no description Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name	translator-lasttranslatortranslator-last1translator1translator1-last	The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name	translator-firsttranslator1-firsttranslator-first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator link	translator-linktranslator-link1translator1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator last name 2	translator-last2translator2translator2-last	The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 2	translator-first2translator2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name 3	translator-last3translator3translator3-last	The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 3	translator-first3translator3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name 4	translator-last4translator4translator4-last	The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 4	translator-first4translator4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name 5	translator-last5translator5translator5-last	The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 5	translator-first5translator5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name 6	translator-last6translator6translator6-last	The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 6	translator-first6translator6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name 7	translator-last7translator7translator7-last	The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 7	translator-first7translator7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name 8	translator-last8translator8translator8-last	The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 8	translator-first8translator8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator last name 9	translator-last9translator9translator9-last	The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator first name 9	translator-first9translator9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	String	optional
Translator link 2	translator-link2translator2-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator link 3	translator-link3translator3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator link 4	translator-link4translator4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator link 5	translator-link5translator5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator link 6	translator-link6translator6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator link 7	translator-link7translator7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator link 8	translator-link8translator8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional
Translator link 9	translator-link9translator9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator. Default empty Example empty Auto value empty	Page	optional

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

See also

• Wikipedia:Citation templates
• Wikipedia:Inline citation
• Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing
• For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods § Footnotes